Types of Verbs

Sebelum kita melanjutkan materi verb tenses, sangat penting untuk memahami bahwa TIDAK semua kata kerja bahasa Inggris itu sama. Berdasarkan perannya (verb in a parts of speech) kata kerja dibagi menjadi; action verb, linking verb, transitive verb, dan intransitive verb. Namun berdasarkan maknanya, kata kerja bahasa Inggris dibagi menjadi tiga: normal verbs, non-continuous verbs, and mixed verbs (kata kerja normal, kata kerja tidak kontinu, dan kata kerja campuran).

Normal Verbs

Kebanyakan kata kerja adalah "normal verbs." Kata kerja ini biasanya merupakan tindakan nyata yang dapat kita lihat dilakukan oleh seseorang. Kata kerja ini dapat digunakan dalam semua bentuk tenses.

Normal Verbs

to run, to walk, to eat, to fly, to go, to say, to touch, etc.

Contohnya:

1. I eat dinner every day.
   (Aku makan malam setiap hari)
2. I am eating dinner now.
   (Aku sedang makan malam saat ini)

Non-Continuous Verbs

Yang kedua, kata kerja non-kontinu (Non-Continuous Verbs) jumlahnya lebih kecil jika dibandingkan dengan kata kerja biasa. Kata kerja ini biasanya adalah hal-hal yang tidak dapat dilihat oleh seseorang. Kata kerja ini jarang digunakan dalam bentuk kata kontinu. Di antaranya adalah:

Abstract Verbs

to be, to want, to cost, to seem, to need, to care, to contain, to owe, to exist...

Possession Verbs

to possess, to own, to belong...

Emotion Verbs

to like, to love, to hate, to dislike, to fear, to envy, to mind...

Contohnya:

1. He is needing help now. Incorrect
   He needs help now. Correct
2. He is wanting a drink now. Incorrect
   He wants a drink now. Correct
3. I am liking you. Incorrect
   I like you. Correct

Mixed Verbs

Yang ketiga, "kata kerja campuran (Mixed Verbs)" adalah kelompok terkecil dari ketiga pembagian kata kerja di atas. Kata kerja ini memiliki lebih dari satu makna. Kata kerja ini tergolong kata kerja yang unik. Terkadang Beberapa situasi dan makna membuatnya bersifat seperti "kata kerja non-kontinu" sementara situasi dan makna lainnya menjadikannya seperti "kata kerja normal."

Mixed Verbs

to appear, to feel, to have, to hear, to look, to see, to weigh...

Daftar Kata Kerja Campuran dengan Contoh dan Penjelasan:
to appear:

1. Donna appears confused. Non-Continuous Verb
   
   • Donna seems confused.
     (Donna kelihatan bingung)
2. My favorite singer is appearing at the jazz club tonight. Normal Verb
   
   • My favorite singer is giving a performance at the jazz club tonight.
     (Penyanyi favorit saya tampil di klub jazz malam ini)

to have:

1. I have a dollar now. Non-Continuous Verb
   
   • I possess a dollar.
     (Aku punya uang dolar)
2. I am having fun now. Normal Verb
   
   • I am experiencing fun now.
     (Aku bersenang-senang saat ini)

to hear:

1. She hears the music. Non-Continuous Verb
   
   • She hears the music with her ears.
     (Dia mendengar musik dengan telinganya.)
2. She is hearing voices. Normal Verb
   
   • She hears something others cannot hear. She is hearing voices in her mind.
     (Dia mendengar sesuatu yang tidak bisa didengar orang lain. Dia mendengar suara-suara di benaknya.)

to look:

1. Nancy looks tired. Non-Continuous Verb
   
   • She seems tired.
     (Dia tampak lelah.)
2. Farah is looking at the pictures. Normal Verb
   
   • She is looking with her eyes.
     (Dia melihat dengan matanya.)

to miss:

1. John misses Sally. Non-Continuous Verb
   
   • He is sad because she is not there.
     (Dia sedih karena Sally tidak di sampingnya.)
2. Debbie is missing her favorite TV program. Normal Verb
   
   • She is not there to see her favorite program.
     (Dia melewatkan acara favoritnya)

to see:

1. I see her. Non-Continuous Verb
   
   • I see her with my eyes.
     (Melihat dengan mata kepala sendiri.)
2. I am seeing the doctor. Normal Verb
   
   • I am visiting or consulting with a doctor.
     (Mengunjungi atau berkonsultasi dengan dokter)
3. I am seeing her. Normal Verb
   
   • I am having a relationship with her.
     (Menjalin hubungan dengannya)
4. He is seeing ghosts at night. Normal Verb
   
   • He sees something others cannot see. For example ghosts, aura, a vision of the future, wraith etc.
     (Dia melihat sesuatu yang tidak bisa dilihat orang lain. Misalnya hantu, aura, gambaran masa depan, dll)

to smell:

1. The coffee smells good. Non-Continuous Verb
   
   • The coffee has a good smell.
     (Baunya kopi harum.)
2. I am smelling the flowers. Normal Verb
   
   • I am sniffing the flowers to see what their smell is like.
     (Mengendus bunga untuk mengetahui seperti apa baunya.)

to taste:

1. The coffee tastes good. Non-Continuous Verb
   
   • The coffee has a good taste.
     (Rasanya kopi enak.)
2. I am tasting the cake. Normal Verb
   
   • I am trying the cake to see what it tastes like.
     (Mencicipi kue untuk mengetahui rasanya)

to think:

1. He thinks the test is easy. Non-Continuous Verb
   
   • He considers the test to be easy.
     (Dia menganggap tes itu mudah.)
2. She is thinking about the question. Normal Verb
   
   • She is pondering the question, going over it in her mind.
     (Dia merenungkan pertanyaan itu, memikirkan hal itu dalam benaknya.)

to weigh:

1. The table weighs a lot. Non-Continuous Verb
   
   • The table is heavy.
     (Meja itu berat.)
2. She is weighing herself. Normal Verb
   
   • She is determining her weight.
     (Dia menimbang berat badannya.)

Beberapa Kata Kerja Dapat Menjadi Sangat Membingungkan:
to be:

1. Wahid is Indonesian. Non-Continuous Verb
   
   • Wahid is an Indonesian citizen.
     (Wahid adalah warga negara Indonesia)

Wahid is being very American. Normal Verb

• Wahid is behaving like a stereotypical American.
  (Wahid berperilaku seperti orang Amerika / Sok Inggris)

Wahid is a teacher. Non-Continuous Verb

• Wahid's profession is a teacher.
  (Profesi Wahid adalah seorang guru.)

Wahid is being a teacher. Normal Verb

• Wahid is behaving like a teacher. In fact, he is not a teacher
  (Wahid berperan sebagai seorang guru. Faktanya adalah, dia bukan seorang guru)

Wahid is being very formal. Normal Verb

• Wahid is behaving very formally. Usually he is not formal.
  (Wahid bersikap sangat formal. Biasanya dia tidak formal.)

NB: Kata kerja "be" jarang digunakan dalam bentuk continuous. Bentuk ini paling umum digunakan ketika seseorang berperilaku buruk atau stereotip untuk sementara waktu. Juga dapat digunakan ketika perilaku seseorang sangat berbeda.

to feel:

1. The massage feels great. Non-Continuous Verb
   
   • The massage has a pleasing feeling.
     (Pijatannya memiliki kesan yang menyenangkan)

I don't feel well today. Sometimes used as Non-Continuous Verb

• I am a little sick.
  (Saya sedikit sakit.)

I am not feeling well today. Sometimes used as Normal Verb

• I am a little sick.
  (Saya sedikit sakit.)

NB: Pada kalimat kedua, kata "feel" sangat fleksibel dan tidak ada perbedaan nyata dalam arti antara "I don't feel well today." dan "I am not feeling well today."

Baca Juga: Verbs in a Parts of Speech